A3α肽聚糖对凡纳对虾幼体生长及抗病毒感染力的影响

用含不同量的A3α肽聚糖(PG)(0.005%、0.01%、0.1%)的幼体饵料投喂凡纳对虾幼体,另在育苗水体中添加不同水平(0.005mg·mL-1、0.01mg·mL-1、0.05mg·mL-1)PG浸浴并以投喂不添加PG的幼体饵料的实验组作为对照,另设投喂活饵的实验组作参考,分别考察Z1-M1期、M1-PL1期、Z1-PL1期幼体的成活率,M1期、PL1期幼体体长,PL1期幼体体重,另外,PL1期仔虾经7d饲养后,检测体内酚氧化酶(PO)活性,并用白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)料投喂感染。结果显示:与投喂不添加PG幼体饵料组相比,在Z1-M1期,活饵组、0.01%PG添加量的幼体饵料组、0.005mg·mL-1PG的浸浴组幼体的成活率有极显著(P<0.01)提高,而在Z1-PL1、M1-PL1期,各实验组除0.05mg·mL-1浸浴组外均有极显著地(P<0.01)提高;各实验组除0.01mg·mL-1、0.05mg·mL-1PG浸浴组外,M1期幼体体长、PL1期幼体体重也有显著(P<0.01)增长,且各实验组PL1期幼体都有极显著(P<0.01)增长;各实验组仔虾PO活力均有极显著(P<0.01)提高;各实验组除0.1%PG添加量的幼体饵料组外,感染WSSV后仔虾的存活率有不同程度地提高。     

DNA疫苗在动物疾病预防中的研究进展

DNA疫苗的出现是疫苗研究史上重大事件,被誉为疫苗研究的第三次革命。DNA疫苗既能激发机体的细胞免疫,也能诱导特异性的体液免疫,在预防和治疗细菌、病毒、寄生虫等感染性疾病等方面具有广阔的应用前景。利用DNA疫苗预防动物疾病是DNA疫苗发展的一个重要方面,并且在一些重大动物疾病预防研究上取得许多突破。可以肯定,随着人们对DNA疫苗免疫机制深入理解以及提高其诱导特异性免疫应答水平经验的积累,DNA疫苗定会在预防动物各种疾病方面发挥巨大作用。     

饲料Vc对大菱鲆非特异性免疫力的影响

X用维生素C（Vc）含量为0～2500mg／kg的配合饲料连续投喂大菱鲆70d后，测定大菱鲆血液白细胞的总数、吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性和总补体活性。结果表明，饲料中Vc含量增加到250mg／kg，白细胞总数明显增加，进一步提高Vc含量，白细胞总数没有显著变化；血清溶菌酶活性在Vc含量为250mg／kg时最高，其他各组无显著性差异；添加Vc的各试验组的总补体活性明显地高于对照组，但是添加Vc的各组之间的总补体活性没有显著性差别；Vc含量对白细胞的吞噬活性没有影响。     

Fucoidan Extracted from Fucus Evanescens Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Damage in a Mouse Model of Endotoxemia

An important problem of treating patients with endotoxemia is to find drugs to reduce the negative effects of endotoxin on the organism. We tested fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide) from the brown alga Fucus evanescens as a potential drug in a mouse model of endotoxemia inducted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The survival time of mice injected with LPS increased under fucoidan treatment compared with the group of mice injected with LPS only. The preventive administration of fucoidan to mice with endotoxemia resulted in inhibition of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6), as well as decreasing of the processes of hypercoagulability. The parenteral or per os administration of fucoidan resulted in decreasing the degree of microcirculatory disorders and secondary dystrophic-destructive changes in parenchymal organs of mice with endotoxemia. Taken together, these results demonstrate that fucoidan prevents endotoxin-induced damage in a mouse model of endotoxemia and increases the mice’s resistance to LPS.     

稚幼鲍微囊饲料对鲍苗免疫和生长的影响

以市售粉态鲍苗饲料作对照,传统鲍苗生产模式下,研究稚幼鲍微囊配合饲料对鲍苗非特异性免疫生化活性及生长特性的影响.试验设对照组、试验组(31％的稚幼鲍微胶囊饲料+69％对照料),为期137 d,测定鲍苗壳长及非特异性免疫指标.结果表明:试验组鲍苗的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);溶菌酶(LZM)含量略高于对照组,差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验组和对照组鲍苗壳长日增长分别达到(83.23士3.41)μm·d-1和(70.91士5.77)μm·d-1,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验组鲍苗壳长变异系数低于对照组,鲍苗规格较整齐.试验结果表明,稚幼鲍微囊饲料对杂交鲍苗有免疫增强、减少鲍苗死亡和促生长的效能.稚幼鲍微胶囊饲料对鲍苗的促生长效应在饲喂后的71 d左右较明显.     

常见病原菌MAMPs在植物天然免疫中的作用

MAMPs又称病原相关分子模式,在植物的抗病性中发挥着重要作用。在充满潜在致病微生物的环境中,植物能够很好地存活下来,主要功劳在于其具有强大的病原体识别体系和快速的免疫应答系统。植物可以从寄生病原菌和非寄生病原菌中识别几种通用的MAMPs。MAMPs对于病原菌微生物来说,经常是序列高度保守且组成结构不可缺少的。在植物中,MAMPs被其相对应的PRRs识别的过程称为微生物或病原菌引起的免疫。主要介绍了几种常见的MAMPs及其在植物天然免疫研究中的作用。     

松针提取物对广西麻鸡血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

为研究松针提取物对广西麻鸡血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,试验选取1日龄广西麻鸡1 600只作为试验动物进行120 d的饲养试验。试验鸡群随机分为2组,每组2个重复。在饲养过程中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组全程在基础饲粮中添加松针提取物。结果表明,试验组显著提高血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性、提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和降低血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P0.05);显著提高IgA、IgG、IgM、补体C3和补体C4的含量(P0.05);显著提高血清中钙、磷的含量,降低血清中胆固醇的含量(P0.05)。因此,松针提取物能够显著改善广西麻鸡的血液生化指标,提高广西麻鸡的抗氧化能力和免疫功能。     

猪圆环病毒2 型疫苗研究进展

疫苗免疫接种是防控猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV-2)的主要方式,PCV-2疫苗的研究与开发已成为国内外兽医工作者的关注热点.在国际市场上销售的商品化PCV-2疫苗主要包括亚单位疫苗、嵌合病毒疫苗和灭活疫苗,其中PCV-2灭活疫苗已在我国规模化猪场中广泛使用.综述了近年来国内外各类PCV-2疫苗研究进展及存在的问题,以期为猪圆环病毒病的防制与PCV-2新型疫苗的研发提供参考.     

Efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.): evaluation of immersion, oral and injection delivery

The commercial furunculosis vaccine Aquavac Furovac 5 and an autogenous vaccine, based on the challenge strain, induced immune protection in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), as shown in challenge tests 120 days post-immunization by injection (relative percentage of survival, RPS = 72-99%). This protective effect lasted for at least 6 months post-immunization at appreciable levels (RPS = 50-52%). Neither the autogenous vaccine nor the commercial vaccine was able to induce significant levels of protection against Aeromonas salmonicida in turbot when administered by immersion. Antibody levels were high or moderate in fish vaccinated by injection with the different vaccines and very low in fish vaccinated by immersion. The field results show that delivering an oral boost after the primary vaccination by injection did not enhance protection of turbot against furunculosis and that water-based (autogenous vaccine) and oil adjuvanted (Alpha Ject 1200) vaccines administered by injection conferred similar levels of protection (RPS > 80%) in turbot.